and the goal of the joint t.v. show rooms the time of violence the gateway to the ground in period truly the george washington post clearly until you can a little chill closure to its ability to go and look foolish rather since the colonel was neutral as used to retreat. with arts he learned from moscow have gone through nato except command of the no fly zone over libya but not full control of the military operation this comes as our correspondent tells us air strikes are continuing to watch the capital tripoli . and japan it widens the evacuation zone around the damaged fukushima power plant saying the area is receiving a year's dose of radiation per day reactor three of the facilities reportedly been damaged sparking fears of further contamination and. quasi leaders agree on the

restructuring of a valid finds resolve the ongoing debt crisis as portugal financial woes events. next welcome to the world of scientific breakthroughs in cutting edge gadgets in technology update. hello and welcome to technology update april twelfth two thousand and eleven marks the fiftieth anniversary of an incredible achievement and put soviet science in innovation not just on top of the world but beyond this world all together. it was that day in one nine hundred sixty one that saw the unprecedented launch of man into orbit the soviet cause i'm not doing good got in making history aboard of us

talk spacecraft going in became a hero and the whole world caught space fever the behind the scenes the technology that made man flight possible had been a top priority for over a decade with both peaceful and military objectives siggy could go along with talented specialists like but he should have told masterminded the soviet rocket program that emerged after the second world war as with their rivals in the u.s. missile hits first developed rockets based on the german v. two that it was known as the r one first tested in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight soviet engineers worked simultaneously on original designs that would create a new rocket singh quick succession within a decade defers to the now famous r seven family would be baby to launch sputnik. yeah. for me the whole seven year old could have been with all its details especially the control system and its modification to me was like a lot i know yeah. well in fact i would say they need love and might here but we

were all in love with the rocket and would progressed incredibly quickly. the first rockets were designed to manufactured within two years. it makes the efforts of his builders that within the design to be so good are present even today only this based only original construction of this moon shot. they used for russia's manned floyd. when we were. on the same lines that started turning out. early modern sevens back in the late one nine hundred fifty s. today's most reliable site used launchers are produced with unparalleled position construction bureau progress in the russian city of somalia continues to rely on the design pioneered by kind of chatter token their colleagues tapping the rockets to fit in changing needs of the russian space program as well as those of international clients. like.

iraq and seems to get younger every year as we advance components. we've changed the control system a little metric system. and a great india engine with. the rockets overall functionality is increasing. in more than a half century of history there are seven has said many faces and many firsts it was the first i.c.b.m. the first satellite carrier defers to put humans in space and in modifications today is still the only launcher ever used to put soviet or russian cosmonauts into orbit. those are the no distinctions for the developers of tomorrow's best rockets progress is actively evolving new designs to meet new challenges in the aerospace industry and it's not just russian spacecraft sit to shoot skyward fun progress

build site use a recent breakthrough in international cooperation as being keeping them busy since the european space agency chose a new generation rocket noticed this i used to ask t. for a soon to be open new package at south american space complex in french. position would no. two of our rockets are currently sation of going on a space center and through. the infrastructure was created and developed our complex. missiles past the test security that are both on the move up in it think we should this low status folks. will take a look at it in the mobile. service tower for a dryer when you're not it's just well i know it's the women we're counting down to liftoff yet there is no way it's always. for russian space engineers it's a new mission on a new con tropico french guyana is a far cry from the traditional russian launching ground on the cosmic step and they've been working with european partners for the better part of

a decade to ensure the site is ready the launch pad will be unique insight use a storied history of the first team for break a mobile service tower and the first to install the rockets payload in vertical instead of horizontally position. the launch melt will also be fixed instead of rotating so the rocket itself has been designed as the first in our seven family capable of roll maneuvers for proper post launch positioning with first liftoff slated for august or september of this year the caruso use center will give european satellite launch capacity a much needed boost and will be yet another in a long list of high points produced by russia's progress. the technological level capacity of this plant and several other high tech factories that work among other things with cryogenics equipment will allow us to develop a new launcher under the name. it will be used to russia's

new. russian many of the world's largest. cars because the privilege is costing russia over one hundred fifty million dollars to hear her new plans on hold while this program period. of. the soviet and russian space programs have blasted off from several sites spread across the country's vast territory but with the real heavy lifter now left outside russia's borders future hopes are being pinned on the plan cosmodrome russian for at least. two she could be hosting launches by twenty six teams and it's appealing for more reasons than brain independence from russia's neighbors moving from the ground up lets the site be fully outfitted in twenty first century technology the sites proximity to the pacific ocean is

a plus both for transporting equipment to the base and for homeless descent of rocket boosters expended with each launch russian prime minister vladimir putin made his way to the future in the air more region of russia's far east for symbolic groundbreaking in august of two thousand and ten. russia's stages as a leading space power the launch pad will improve a country's access to space as we'll be capable of launching all times of ships into orbit this includes manned flights and long term expeditions to the moon and. the rw sim rocket did central to these plans may have been designed to progress and . but it will lift off on the power of engines built by another key player in russia's aerospace industry moscow based in the argo much reason to do a following of the experts analysis we've chosen the engine based on the old the one lately we've developed for sale to american those little nose or here we've

renamed it the v one eighty for stuart's nation we've made some adjustments to adapt it to the rockets that will fly from the store she launched. the primary design elements will be largely on change for world of the technical adjustments aimed at improving the engine that will be made. back in the late soviet period in order to mushroom the makers of the r d one seventy the most powerful liquid fuel rocket engine in history in the ninety's they started work on a new model they cut down to two combustion chambers instead of four and found a powerful partner in the u.s. aerospace giant lockheed martin now joining with boeing in a joint venture called united launch alliance the americans used to already won eighty as the first stage engine on their workhorse applets five rocket previous editions of the atlas launchers used three engines in place of the one powerful and yet to go much model the already one eighty produces nearly

a million pounds force of thrust with the thrust to weight ratio more than fifteen times that of the engines used to fly just supersonic concorde jet since the already one hundred first gave the atlas five a lift back in two thousand and two there have been two dozen successful launches for american military commercial and space equipment but not all the hardware on board the atlas five just in american in the summer of two thousand and nine an unprecedented move mapping mission was launched with the help of russian ingenuity in february two thousand and eleven the kremlin rolled out the red carpet to recognize the innovative work of young space research institute scientists maxine mckew and anton sun in whose lunar exploration new trying to take her. linda for sure is playing a key role in nasser's lunar reconnaissance orbiter fact finding mission. based business who are the main elite fisheries the high spatial resolution seen evil previous missions measured hydrogen levels with a spatial resolution of one hundred fifty kilometers they had

a spot on the moon one hundred fifty kilometers in diameter i would advise terrace that down to a ten kilometer spot you can send a man there to dig a shovel and it will probably find something their cup of water bonded was a particles something like that. such a discovery would be no small matter since interested in these resources has created a buzz beyond a science circles so what role does the new try to detect or play. the way our device works is quite simple from the point of view of physics just as neutrons emitted from the moon or the new trends of forms about two meters under the moon ground to do cosmic rays they lose their kinetic charge once they reach the surface and rubbing against surface mass are. the result of hydrogen and that mass or the new troops will be slowed down more efficiently removing a car device can bridge the vets. we were selected following an

open and fair competition to shredding the parts or what the laboratory of los alamos but also took part in the kansas but older voice that turned out to be better we've suggested narrowing down the visible aerial by using a passive color me meaning based on boron town. you know nothing of the water this . in all the lunar reconnaissance orbiter or l r o consists of six instruments intended to produce the most detailed analysis of the lunar environment today this includes not just high resolution imaging of the moon's terrain but also. tests for the potential biological impact of radiation from cosmic rays and ultraviolet mapping of the moon's surface to detect possible deposits of water ice in cold traps and topographical studies that help survey for future landing sites and hazards the impact of data is already being felt.

the program was recalibrated based on knowledge of ice is indications i knew for sure that they changed the plan landing location and i'm confident that the european space agency discussing their programs will see countries that intend to launch a mission to the moon like china and japan and they will take all the data into account. after a virtual decades long dead spill the international space community is again turning its attention to our nearest neighbor with lunar exploration projects in the plans of space programs the world over but even before these are set to bear fruit we'll be getting data back from even further afield as main kind reaches towards the red planet and its satellites. grew into so much hype sample return mission to mars is mysterious moon. is a russian led project that will also transport it chinese made mars orbiter when it lifts off this november

a sign from the longstanding attraction to the planet scientists interest thanks to theories it's actually an asteroid captured by mars is gravity a living laboratory of primordial space matter. because that is a very early days of the solar system for automation. the course or the war. wipes the memory of the first be doing. instead of just it was we could do is this. updated since its first planned launch in two thousand and nine group is bigger and better in addition to the transport and return vessels as well as soil sampling equipment the complex now carries the chinese martian orbiter as well as an additional expendable fuel tank to propel the extra weight. meticulous testing is underway at the mosque l. space research institute to assure the functionality of each focus group component

. the orbital trajectory of mars and its moons reaches its closest point to earth just once every twenty six months catching for with it any other time is both more complicated and more costly after missing the first launch window due to delays scientists understand time is of the essence. so unfamiliar environment of the martian moon surface means every single piece of the more than twenty scientific instruments that make up the probe has high standards to meet and exceed. what the . program unlike lunar programs here the task was undoubtedly complicated by the need to collect samples under tricky conditions gravity is virtually absent on phobos. well those aren't conditions easily recreated here on earth teams at the space research institute have gone to great

lengths to prepare the high precision sampler that's at the heart of the focus mission a computerized full scale model of the robotic arm and sampling device was constructed for that purpose as these samples could hold the secret to his origin millimeter. skill person is the chief the same thing device achieves that just five watts of energy and under two hundred grams of mass education to testing the hardware simply the model has been helpful in holding the specially designed software that will guide the real focus from soil sample or on the mission this direction not only to probe itself but the adjoining optical devices including cameras and microscopes even the tests ordered from colleagues in geochemistry to be the closest possible simulation of the mars moon. there's every reason to be confident that apparatus will execute the missions remain objective. when focus groups arrives in orbit around mars after a roughly ten month journey the chinese were better will split off after orbiting

the red planet around the year the spacecraft will make its landing on the surface of. there will take its samples and send them back to earth for a rival in need twenty four is unprecedented research a testament to the long term long range capability of state space programs. no matter how much i work on my designs there's little chance of them leaving my room let alone leaving the earth's atmosphere but increasingly independent initiative and private funds are becoming legitimate players in this space industry if. each cylinder a model rover made by a private russian company the moscow snow might not be an analog for the moons terrain but the models makers have lunar ambitions and perhaps just the right incentive. to do that this in september two thousand and seven the company google and the x. prize foundation and owns the most ambitious contest in history they wanted to send

the first of a private lunar robot to the moon to google in x. prize we started coming together as a team around the same time and when we found out about the competition we saw that filming an initiative group that was served as the core of the team. then we made it official it will seem as the competition's sole representative from russia. has come up. with the lunar x. prize and france will not be alone in brushing history is this soviet era going to hold a moon rover program offers a for me to build a foundation usually going to the moon surface is in sight. yet a unit one forward team still in the fold has an important ally this traumatization from the seventy's features real life of the old pilot gets just sluff goal is a new way of movement you know one forward could show you know more you just tell him pitch angle more you just feel the pinch angle decreasing beautiful because make contact with the moon well did he know three devaluating surroundings be on

you like maybe meters to the right a rocky land over fifty centimeters high in your. mission you solution monument at two meters back so you can turn sixty degrees to the right three the rover is moving. today don't get his team would still in a hold to bring sylvia their expertise to bear on a twenty first century project. you know he's. from a technological standpoint everything is new. to remotely with no computers no it's all computerized but it's the first soviet moon over was essentially a light old immobile weighing seven hundred fifty six kilogram. this rover weighs five to six kilograms. and then look at the size of. our over is forty centimeters long the soviet one was four meters. so it was

much larger significantly design of the original no holds was the subject of serious scientific debate and extensive testing when the program first emerged in the one nine hundred sixty s. an elaborate top secret artificial moon surface was constructed for the purpose in soviet crimea chassis size and shape vary greatly as did the distribution of on board equipment perhaps the most important aspect in question was how exactly the rovers would move walking crawling copying track and we'll designs all have their plusses and minuses defenders and detractors salerno code partners designers are hoping the answer many of the same construction questions at the center of their lunar x. prize campaign as industrial designers their job is to find a overlap between form and function like their soviet predecessors four decades ago they've narrowed the field to the true most attractive mobility options wield like their first prototype and

a second walking model. for now the stepping cylinder hold exists only on computers but its advantages are becoming clear the vehicle has to be ultra light to keep the transport costs reasonable and a wheeled vehicle with a small mass faces trouble with traction as a result celyn a cold is leaning towards a walking rover along these lines. trying to need to make it look good. it's a make our design functional. for instance we're working with expanded shapes can save us up to fifty percent of the mass by redistributing pressure inside to the. it's not just a plastic toy. it is actually quite a complicated machine which has to work in extreme conditions. and if we manage to make it. bring invasive all seemed so it's we will be happy

never of the expense of the engineering. team still in a cold marches onward with funds to raise and a second prototype to fabricate a company with a total of twenty nine teams from seventeen countries in the race to put their rover on the moon surface and unique is google's twenty five million dollars purse may be the lunar x. prize is just one example of the expanding arena of private space entrepreneurship . and aileen country of eighty thousand people in the middle of the irish sea may not seen a likely fire in the space exploration game usually dominated by world superpowers but if you believe the hype the next giant leap for mankind might be coming from the isle of man it's a place best known for its beautiful landscapes tasty cheeses clean scallops and

business friendly tax code and generally means a focus on offshore banking with the arrival of two soviet made space stations owned by the company excalibur almaz in early two thousand and eleven showcase the island's expanding emphasis on space commerce the isle of man is never really to be in the business of launching rockets. or building satellites. high high end high technology. space manufacturing to the isle of man. essentially looking to help facilitate the private sector and the space industry through having a. we joined russian cosmonaut in excalibur almaz project consultant. on a visit to the island home of the former soviet station as they retooled all my space craft for a return to orbit they're banking on the tried and tested expertise already invested in their design and construction to stay a step ahead of space tourism competitors.

because of history's first multiple use spacecraft of its class. the so-called. so this is a capsule not just for use on a single flight mission but for ensuring up to thirty launches. back in the mid one nine hundred sixty s. the military launched programs to provide a million surveillance station in low earth orbit alongside. speechcraft consisting of a service module and a reusable b. entry vehicle were to be launched on the heavy lifting proton rocket this station's flew under the name cell used two three and five in the seventies and were outfitted with advanced observation and communication equipment even modified artillery to protect against enemy satellites the original project was divided in later discontinued both to stations in the return capsules gain in value for white

testing. the inside space is about fifty meters long it was enough to those three or four people. of course we are retaining the power of the life support infrastructure. so that every person has a private working space in this model of space planning is the most suitable for our. scientists were. place tourists to work in a comfortable environment. everyone will have their own working lace and a window. that adds to the conference a was bigger than the car for the capsule will be diverse part of the complex to fly with excalibur almaz taking up to three passengers into orbit they'll be sent on a trajectory to the home a station the crew can then pass through the adapter into their temporary cosmic quarters we should see more spacious to waitlist visitors floating between floor

and ceiling for almost. six dollars cooperates with the u.s. and european space going to the you know. we're hoping to launch an unmanned likely twenty thirteen. and have a full scale manned flight with a service module by twenty four hours of the more than. combining the experience of seasoned russian space men and savvy american businessmen excalibur almaz is getting down to work on making the dream a reality after raising money and international interest on the isle of man they expect russia to be the logical launch partner my dear calculations six capsule launches a year would be the magic number for making orbital maidens have been almost stations economically viable that's sooner than you might think with would be tourists already in line so more than a half century ago aero manned spaceflight are still finding new ways to open up the vast expanse of our solar system now more than ever does it chance the next liftoff had taken you into orbit and when your launch they finally cops enjoy the

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